This volume reviews the history of discussion of these mysterious implements by which the high priest (and others) in ancient Israel determined the will of God. A comprehensive summary of the relevant texts and their interpretation is also provided in the discussion. Van Dam suggest that the meaning, ‘perfect light’, should be applied to the terms, Urim and Thummim, and that they functioned through some sort of appearance of light, perhaps as in a special reflection through a gem. The gradual disappearance of this device is considered and the emphasis upon God’s revelation through his word in Scripture emerges. There is no doubt that it will now be useful to have this handy summary of the available textual evidence and discussion.